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因果推断、高频数据与水质的游憩价值

Causal Inference, High-Frequency Data, and the Recreational Value of Water Quality
Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists · 2026 · Andrew Earle、Hyunjung Kim

中文摘要

新兴数据集捕捉到了游憩行为中丰富的时间维度变异,但游憩需求分析历来利用的是跨地点而非跨时间的变异来评估环境舒适品的价值。我们提出了一种模型与估计方法,通过将面板数据因果推断技术嵌入旅行成本随机效用模型之中,以在游憩需求分析中利用面板变异。为展示该方法,我们使用"结构合成控制"来评估密歇根州东南部由水质问题引发的海滩关闭所造成的福利损失。损失在周末和更炎热的日子里往往更大,且我们的结果提示,即使海滩重新开放,污名效应仍会减少游客量。该方法对于评估有害藻华或野火等资源冲击的游憩影响尤为有用,而且随着高频游憩数据日益可得,它可以得到广泛应用。

Abstract

Emerging datasets capture rich temporal variation in recreation behavior, but recreation demand analyses have traditionally used variation across sites, rather than across time, to value environmental amenities. We introduce a model and estimation procedure designed to exploit panel variation in recreation demand analyses by embedding panel data causal inference techniques within a travel cost random utility model. To demonstrate the method, we use “structural synthetic controls” to value the welfare losses caused by water-quality-induced beach closures in southeast Michigan. Losses tend to be larger on weekends and hotter days, and our results suggest that a stigma effect reduces visitation even after the beach reopens. Our method is particularly useful for valuing the recreational impacts of resource shocks, like harmful algal blooms or wildfires, and it can be applied broadly given the increasing availability of high-frequency recreation data.
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