中文摘要
公共政策学院在创立初期主要关注联邦政策与项目，APPAM 及其会刊《政策分析与管理杂志》亦是如此。尽管这种联邦层面的偏向随时间推移有所减弱，但并未完全消失。本文主张应更多关注地方政府的政策与项目。文章认为，研究地方政府政策与管理能够带来独特的价值。第一，地方政府履行着塑造公众对政府绩效看法的重要且显著的职能。第二，地方政府在政策设计、执行与情境方面提供了大量变异，研究者可以加以研究并从中汲取经验。第三，地方政府对政策与管理研究存在相当大的需求，因为它们通常缺乏自行开展此类研究的资源。第四，地方政府研究可以说更有可能影响实际决策。最后，地方政府提供了独一无二的丰富行政数据，能够为长期影响、异质性效应与溢出效应提供洞见。
Abstract
ABSTRACT In their early years, schools of public policy focused on federal policies and programs, as did APPAM and its journal, the Journal of Policy Analysis and Management. While this federal bias has diminished over time, it hasn't entirely gone away. This essay makes the case for more attention to local government policies and programs. It argues that studying local government policies and management can deliver unique value. First local governments perform essential, and salient functions that shape people's views of government performance. Second, local governments offer substantial variation in policy design, implementation, and context that researchers can study and from which they can draw lessons. Third, there is considerable demand from local governments for policy and management research, as they typically lack the resources to do much themselves. Fourth, research on local governments arguably has a better chance of influencing actual decision making. Finally, local governments offer uniquely rich administrative data that can provide insights on long‐run impacts, heterogeneity, and spillovers.