外国技术与非正规就业：来自墨西哥的证据
Foreign technology and informal employment: Evidence from Mexico
Journal of Development Economics · 2026 · [{"name": "Maria Bas", "affiliation": ["Centre d'Économie de la Sorbonne", "Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne"]}, {"name": "Pamela Bombarda", "affiliation": ["Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique", "CY Cergy Paris Université"]}]
中文摘要
本文考察进口投入品所承载的外国技术获取如何影响墨西哥的正规化。利用家庭微观数据，我们借助 1993 年至 2001 年间墨西哥制造业各行业对美国商品（包括最终品和中间品）关税的大幅下降进行识别。研究发现，在投入品关税平均下降（12 个百分点）的制造业行业就业的个体，其获得正规就业的可能性提高 4 个百分点。该效应在高技能工人中尤为明显，与投入品—技能互补机制相一致。相比之下，产出关税下降通过引致更激烈的进口竞争，使非正规就业的概率提高逾 1.5 个百分点。这些发现深化了我们对贸易自由化所促成的先进技术获取在推动正规就业方面所起作用的理解。
Abstract
We investigate how access to foreign technology embodied in imported inputs affects formalization in Mexico. Using household microdata, we exploit the significant reduction in Mexico’s tariffs on U.S. goods (both final and intermediate) across manufacturing industries between 1993 and 2001. We find that individuals working in manufacturing industries experiencing an average reduction in input tariffs (12 percentage points) are 4 percentage points more likely to be formally employed. The effect is particularly pronounced among high-skilled workers, consistent with an input-skill complementarity mechanism. In contrast, lower output tariffs, by inducing tougher import competition, increased the probability of informal employment by more than 1.5 percentage points. These findings enhance our understanding of the role that access to advanced technology, facilitated by trade liberalization, plays in promoting formal employment.