Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists · 2026 · Jonathan Leisner、Jakob Roland Munch、August Nielsen、Georg Schaur
中文摘要
我们利用丹麦企业层面数据, 联合考察离岸外包与中国进口竞争对碳排放、产出及产出排放强度的因果效应。离岸外包降低了企业的排放强度, 但同时也增加了其生产, 因而企业层面的排放量并无变化。中国进口竞争则降低了企业的生产及其排放强度。随后, 我们将企业层面的估计结果应用于反事实分解以及排放泄漏率的计算。所得证据表明, 离岸外包使制造业的生产更为清洁, 而来自中国的进口竞争大多导致国外排放增加。
Abstract
We use Danish firm-level data to jointly examine the causal effects of offshoring and Chinese import competition on carbon emissions, output, and the emission intensity of output. Offshoring reduces firms’ emission intensity but also increases their production such that firm-level emissions do not change. Chinese import competition reduces firms’ production and their emission intensity. Next, we apply our firm-level estimates in counterfactual decompositions and in the computation of emission-leakage rates. The resulting evidence shows that offshoring leads to cleaner production in the manufacturing sector while import competition from China mostly leads to more emissions abroad.