Impact of Charging Price Subsidies on the Charging Behavior of Heterogeneous Electric Vehicle Drivers: Evidence from Beijing
Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists · 2026 · Xiaoli Zhao、Haoran Chen、Yueming Lucy Qiu、Yixin Deng
中文摘要
在电动汽车 (EV) 大规模发展的背景下，对电动汽车充电行为进行调度对构建低碳社会至关重要。本研究利用中国北京 2020 年的公共充电数据，应用双重差分 (DID) 模型考察灵活充电价格补贴对驾驶人行为的影响，并区分营业性驾驶人与私人驾驶人以捕捉异质性。结果表明，每千瓦时 0.4 元的补贴使日均充电量显著提高了 25.29%。具体而言，营业性驾驶人的日充电量提高了 59.68%，私人驾驶人的日充电量提高了 12.22%。全部电动汽车驾驶人充电需求的价格弹性估计为 −0.95，其中营业性驾驶人与私人驾驶人的弹性分别为 −2.24 和 −0.46。本文进一步讨论了政策优化后这些行为变化所带来的经济与环境效益。这些发现凸显了根据不同驾驶人类型敏感性差异量身定制价格激励政策的重要性。
Abstract
Scheduling electric vehicle (EV) charging behavior in the context of large-scale EV development is vital for building low-carbon societies. Using 2020 public charging data from Beijing, China, this study applies a difference-in-differences (DID) model to examine the impact of flexible charging price subsidies on drivers’ behavior, distinguishing between business and private drivers to capture heterogeneity. The results show that a subsidy of CNY 0.4/kWh significantly increased the average daily charging volume by 25.29%. Specifically, the daily charging volume increased by 59.68% for business drivers and 12.22% for private drivers. The price elasticity of charging demand for all EV drivers was estimated at −0.95, with business and private drivers showing elasticities of −2.24 and −0.46, respectively. The economic and environmental benefits resulting from these behavioral changes after policy optimization are further discussed. These findings highlight the importance of tailoring price incentive policies to the varying sensitivities of different driver types.