拥堵定价以增加交通量:波哥大的案例
Pricing Congestion to Increase Traffic: The Case of Bogotá
Journal of the European Economic Association · 2025 · [{"name": "Juan‐Pablo Montero", "affiliation": ["Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile", "Aalto University"]}, {"name": "Felipe Sepúlveda", "affiliation": ["University of British Columbia"]}, {"name": "Leonardo J. Basso", "affiliation": ["Complex Engineering System Institute", "University of Chile"]}]
中文摘要
摘要 2021 年 9 月，波哥大市对其被称为 "Pico y Placa" 的单双号限行政策引入了一项重大的市场化改革。自此，驾驶者可以选择支付每日拥堵费以豁免该限行。我们发现，尽管这项改革增加了交通流量，但总体上带来了收益。中等收入群体如今更频繁地使用汽车，其福利收益远远超过了较高收入群体因在交通中花费更多时间而承受的损失。此外，我们表明，若波哥大将这项改革扩展为一套全面的道路定价方案，上述总体收益还可能增至五倍，更不用说在空气质量方面获得的额外收益。
Abstract
Abstract In September 2021, the city of Bogotá introduced a major market-based reform to its odd–even driving restriction, known as Pico y Placa. Since then, drivers have had the option to pay a daily congestion fee to be exempt from the restriction. We find that while the reform increased traffic, it brought overall benefits. The welfare gains of middle-income individuals, who now use their cars more often, far outweighed the losses experienced by their higher-income counterparts, who now spend more time in traffic. Additionally, we show that these overall benefits could quintuple if Bogotá were to expand the reform into a comprehensive road-pricing scheme, not to mention the extra gains in air quality.