Journal of International Economics · 2026 · Björn Thor Arnarson、Asker Nygaard David、Beata Smarzynska Javorcik、Jakob Roland Munch
中文摘要
与远方国家的商业伙伴合作往往需要在标准工作时间之外工作，这可能损害劳动者的心理健康——对于需要兼顾职业与家庭责任的女性尤为如此。本文利用丹麦的雇主—雇员匹配数据，并将其与劳动者处方抗抑郁药（AD）使用信息以及企业的进出口交易信息合并，对这一假说进行检验。分析利用同一工作岗位任期内的变异，并同时控制不可观测的企业—年度异质性以及男女年度AD使用量的平均差异。结果表明，丹麦企业与其外国贸易伙伴之间营业时间重叠的下降，会导致女性相对于男性AD使用量上升。该效应具有经济意义，对45岁以下受过大学教育的劳动者最大，对单身母亲更为明显。除性别效应外，需要与他人建立关系的职业中的劳动者，其受影响程度也强于其他职业。
Abstract
Working with business partners in distant countries often requires operating outside standard working hours, potentially harming workers’ mental well-being—especially for women balancing professional and family responsibilities. This hypothesis is investigated using matched employer-employee data from Denmark merged with information on workers’ use of prescription antidepressants (AD) and firms’ import and export transactions. The analysis exploits variation within job spells and controls for both unobservable firm-year heterogeneity and for the average differential in annual AD use among men and women. The results indicate that a decline in the business hour overlap between a Danish firm and its foreign trading partners leads to an increased AD use among women relative to men. This effect is economically meaningful, largest for college-educated workers under 45 and more pronounced for single mothers. In addition to the gender effect, workers in occupations requiring establishing relationships with others are more strongly affected than those in other occupations.