Journal of Economic Literature · 2025 · Moritz A. Drupp、Ulrike Kornek、Jasper N. Meya、Lutz Sager
中文摘要
环境退化与经济不平等是二十一世纪两项具有决定性的挑战。我们综合梳理了支撑不平等与环境关联的概念机制，并评述了相关实证证据。我们提出了三条互动渠道。首先，我们阐述环境收益如何随家庭收入而变化。其次，我们讨论环境政策的成本如何在家庭之间分配。第三，我们考察收入不平等与再分配如何影响环境结果。这三条渠道决定了环境质量和经济不平等如何共同影响政策评估。我们认为，在经济研究和政策设计中考虑不平等与环境之间的关联至关重要，因为这两个问题都无法被孤立地充分理解。最后，我们指出了未来的研究需求。（JEL D31, D63, H23, Q54, Q56, Q58）
Abstract
Environmental degradation and economic inequality are two of the defining challenges of the twenty-first century. We synthesize conceptual mechanisms that underpin inequality–environment linkages and take stock of the relevant empirical evidence. We propose three channels of interaction. We first describe how environmental benefits vary with household income. Second, we discuss how the cost of environmental policy is distributed across households. Third, we consider how income inequality and redistribution shape environmental outcomes. The three channels determine how both environmental quality and economic inequality matter for policy appraisal. We argue that it is crucial to consider inequality–environment linkages in economic research and policy design, as neither issue can be fully understood in isolation. We close by highlighting future research needs. (JEL D31, D63, H23, Q54, Q56, Q58)