不平等与环境经济学

Journal of Economic Literature · 2025 · [{"name": "Moritz A. Drupp", "affiliation": ["Center for Economic and Policy Research", "Universität Hamburg"]}, {"name": "Ulrike Kornek", "affiliation": ["Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research"]}, {"name": "Jasper N. Meya", "affiliation": ["Leipzig University of Applied Sciences", "German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research"]}, {"name": "Lutz Sager", "affiliation": ["École Supérieure des Sciences Économiques et Commerciales"]}]

中文摘要

环境退化与经济不平等是二十一世纪两项决定性的挑战。我们综合了支撑不平等—环境关联的概念机制，并梳理评估了相关的实证证据。我们提出三条互动渠道。第一，我们描述环境收益如何随家庭收入而变化；第二，我们讨论环境政策成本如何在家庭之间分配；第三，我们考察收入不平等与再分配如何塑造环境结果。这三条渠道决定了环境质量与经济不平等二者如何对政策评估至关重要。我们认为，在经济研究与政策设计中考虑不平等—环境关联至关重要，因为这两个问题都无法孤立地得到充分理解。最后，我们指出了未来的研究需求。（JEL D31, D63, H23, Q54, Q56, Q58）

Abstract

Environmental degradation and economic inequality are two of the defining challenges of the twenty-first century. We synthesize conceptual mechanisms that underpin inequality–environment linkages and take stock of the relevant empirical evidence. We propose three channels of interaction. We first describe how environmental benefits vary with household income. Second, we discuss how the cost of environmental policy is distributed across households. Third, we consider how income inequality and redistribution shape environmental outcomes. The three channels determine how both environmental quality and economic inequality matter for policy appraisal. We argue that it is crucial to consider inequality–environment linkages in economic research and policy design, as neither issue can be fully understood in isolation. We close by highlighting future research needs. (JEL D31, D63, H23, Q54, Q56, Q58)