Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists · 2026 · Christoph Böhringer A、Carsten Helm
中文摘要
深度脱碳要求经济中所有部门的能源相关过程实现电气化。这种所谓的部门耦合对电力部门的数量型规制具有重要影响, 因为这些规制与其他部门中促进电力技术的措施相互重叠, 例如电动汽车补贴、对化石技术征收的 CO2 税, 或交通与建筑部门的独立 ETS。我们针对碳排放交易体系 (ETS) 和可再生能源配额制 (RPS) 说明了这一点。向电力技术的转变通常会强化现有的 RPS。就欧盟碳排放交易体系 (EU ETS) 而言, 这种转变提高了实施此类附加政策的国家对排放配额的需求, 但减排却来自 ETS 内的所有国家。因此存在一种反向水床效应。对欧盟和美国重叠规制的数值模拟印证了其政策相关性。模拟结果表明, 重叠政策一般应针对未被 ETS 或 RPS 等数量型工具覆盖的部门。
Abstract
Deep decarbonization requires electrification of energy-related processes across all sectors of the economy. This so-called sector coupling has important implications for quantity-based regulations in the electricity sector which overlap with measures that promote electricity-based technologies in other sectors, like subsidies for electric vehicles, CO2 taxes on fossil technologies, or a separate ETS in the transport and buildings sectors. We show this for emissions trading systems (ETS) and renewable portfolio standards (RPS). The switch to electricity-based technologies usually strengthens an existing RPS. For the EU ETS, the switch raises demand for emission allowances in countries with such additional policies, but emission reductions come from all countries within the ETS. There is thus a reverse waterbed effect. Numerical simulations for overlapping regulations in the EU and the US underpin the policy relevance. They suggest that overlapping policies should generally target sectors not covered by quantity instruments such as an ETS or RPS.