美国的种族居住隔离
Racial Residential Segregation in the United States
Journal of Economic Literature · 2025 · [{"name": "Trevon D. Logan", "affiliation": ["The Ohio State University"]}, {"name": "John Parman", "affiliation": ["William & Mary"]}]
中文摘要
居住隔离是解释美国不同种族与族裔间社会经济差距的核心因素。居住地直接影响获得学校教育、就业和医疗保健的机会。社会科学各学科中，有一支不断发展的文献记录着居住隔离的一般模式，以及这些模式的成因与后果。本文回顾了这一文献的关键部分。我们概述隔离的测度，以及隔离模式随时间的推移、并在不同尺度上的总体演变。随后，我们分别回顾关于隔离决定因素的文献，以及关于隔离对一系列社会经济结果之影响的文献。我们强调，量化隔离的新方法，以及诸如分层(stratification)等有助于理解其复杂根源的新框架，有望带来新的洞见。（JEL D72, I24, I32, J15, R23, R28）
Abstract
Residential segregation is a central factor in explaining socioeconomic gaps across race and ethnicity in the United States. Place of residence directly impacts access to schools, jobs, and health care. There is an ever-evolving literature across the social sciences disciplines documenting the general patterns in residential segregation as well as the causes and consequences of those patterns. This article reviews key parts of that literature. We provide an overview of the measurement of segregation and the general evolution of segregation patterns over time and at different scales. We then review the literatures on both segregation’s determinants and its impact on a range of socioeconomic outcomes. We highlight the potential for new insights to be gained from new approaches to quantifying segregation and new frameworks such as stratification for understanding its complex roots. (JEL D72, I24, I32, J15, R23, R28)