二十一世纪的劳动力市场保险政策
Labor Market Insurance Policies in the Twenty-First Century
Annual Review of Economics · 2023 · [{"name": "Tito Boeri", "affiliation": ["IZA - Institute of Labor Economics", "Centre for Economic Policy Research", "Bocconi University", "London School of Economics and Political Science"]}, {"name": "Pierre Cahuc", "affiliation": ["IZA - Institute of Labor Economics", "Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris", "Centre for Economic Policy Research"]}]
中文摘要
新冠疫情危机对失业保险制度而言是一次压力测试，因为它涉及大范围经济活动的突然且意外停摆。这迫使各国往往从零开始，为处于新型就业形式下的劳动者和自雇者引入收入支持计划。短时工作计划也出现了大幅扩张。随着我们走出这场危机，劳动力市场很可能呈现大规模劳动力重新配置的特征，这将需要劳动力市场政策的重大创新，以平滑参与此次重新配置的劳动者的消费。我们综述了关于失业保险补充性计划（旨在降低重新配置成本）的大量研究文献。我们重点关注短时工作、部分失业保险和工资保险，并将其特性与标准失业救济进行比较。随后，我们介绍关于工资保险、部分失业保险和短时工作效应的主要实证结果。最后一节讨论未来的研究方向。
Abstract
The COVID-19 crisis was a stress test for unemployment insurance schemes as it involved a sudden and unexpected shutdown of a very large set of activities. This forced countries to introduce, often from scratch, income support schemes for workers under new forms of employment and for the self-employed. There was also a considerable expansion of short-time work schemes. As we move past this crisis, labor markets are likely to be characterized by substantial labor reallocation, and major innovations in labor market policy will be required to smooth consumption of workers involved in this reallocation. We survey the large body of research on schemes complementary to unemployment insurance to reduce the costs of reallocation. We focus on short-time work, partial unemployment insurance, and wage insurance and compare their properties to those of standard unemployment benefits. Next we present the main empirical results on the effects of wage insurance, partial unemployment insurance, and short-time work. In the final section we discuss directions for further research.