第一代精英: 学校社会网络的作用
First-Generation Elite: The Role of School Social Networks
American Economic Review · 2025 · [{"name": "Sarah Cattan", "affiliation": ["Institute for Fiscal Studies"]}, {"name": "Kjell G. Salvanes", "affiliation": ["Norwegian School of Economics"]}, {"name": "Emma Tominey", "affiliation": ["İzmir University of Economics"]}]
中文摘要
非精英背景的高中生，其同伴中父母受过精英教育的比例低于精英背景学生。这种社会资本差异是精英教育代际持续性居高不下的关键驱动因素。我们识别出精英同伴效应对就读精英项目及劳动力市场收入的正向影响，并进一步剖析其背后的作用机制。利用评估环节中的抽签机制，一项因果中介分析表明，整体正向同伴效应主要反映了对申请行为（以GPA为条件）的正向影响。在考察收入流动性时，我们发现，进一步促进高中阶段精英与非精英学生之间的混合可改善流动性。（JEL D31, I21, I23, I24, J31, J62, Z13）
Abstract
High school students from non-elite backgrounds are less likely to have peers with elite-educated parents than their elite counterparts. This difference in social capital is a key driver of the high intergenerational persistence in elite education. We identify a positive elite peer effect on enrollment in elite programs and labor market earnings, then disentangle underlying mechanisms. Exploiting a lottery in assessment, a causal mediation analysis shows the overall positive peer effect reflects a positive effect on application behavior (conditional on GPA). When considering income mobility, we find that further mixing between high school elite and non-elite students could improve mobility. (JEL D31, I21, I23, I24, J31, J62, Z13)